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World Present Landscapes, 1996
- Identification Information
- Data Quality Information
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Spatial Reference Information
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Distribution Information
- Metadata Reference Information
- Identification Information
- Citation
- Originator
- Environmental Systems Research Institute (Redlands, Calif.)
- Publication Date
- 1996
- Title
- World Present Landscapes, 1996
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- vector digital data
- Series Information
- Series Name
- ArcAtlas
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Redlands, Calif.
- Publisher
- ESRI
- Online Linkage
- https://www1.columbia.edu/sec/acis/eds/dgate/studies/C1301/data/esri_1996_world_landscapes.zip
- Abstract
- Present Landscapes is a polygon theme representing a geographical summary of the current state of the earth's environment. Human activity has transformed the appearance and use of the land in many regions around the world. The maps of present landscapes are a geographical summary of the current state of the earth's environment. They show several related topics. First, the locations of natural landscape structures, such as plains, mountains, and plateaus are shown. Second, these natural landscapes are classified by the extent of anthropogenic transformation. Third, the various geographical belts, the more detailed zones within them, and geographical sectors are shown. Geographical belts and zones generally vary with latitude. Geographical sectors are generally longitudinal and result from the influence of the oceans along the margins of a continent. In this atlas, plain landscapes are divided into three subclasses based on the altitude of the plain: very low, low, and high. These subclasses also indicate the origin of a plain. Very low plains result from depositing of material. Low plains can result from either deposition or denudation of material (denudational plains). High plains typically result from the denudation of material. Anthropogenic landscapes are classified according to the degree and type of transformation resulting from human activity. The major classes of anthropogenic landscapes are described below. Quasi-Primary Quasi-Primary landscapes correspond to zonal landscapes. These areas have not been directly influenced by humans, or they have local casual influences that do not change the landscapes in kind. Quasi-Primary landscapes are found in the Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial and stone deserts, and some arid and extra-arid landscapes. Protected areas (national parks, etc.) are included in this classification as well. At the present time, all landscapes on the earth are affected by chemicals created by human technology because they move without regard to boundaries. Therefore, even landscapes that appear to be unchanged (primary) can be considered quasi-primary. Natural-Anthropogenic Natural-Anthropogenic landscapes are those that have been transformed to varying degrees by economic activity. Natural-anthropogenic landscapes are subdivided into two groups (secondary-transformed and anthropogenic-modified) according to the changes to natural components, as follows: Secondary-transformed landscapes are rather sustainable complexes that are similar to natural ones. They are able to develop by themselves and exist without human help. They result from the overuse of natural landscapes in the past by such activities as overgrazing, regular fires, and overcutting. Typically, these landscapes are more arid in the tropical and equatorial belts and more continental in the temperate belts than would be expected in primary landscapes. This group also includes present landscapes in which existing extensive land use can result in some reversible changes, if they cease being used. Anthropogenic-modified landscapes are highly changed natural complexes that are directly affected by economic activity. The most widespread of these landscapes are modified by agriculture (arable, plantation, and pasture landscapes) and forestry (which occupy as much as 80 to 90 percent of certain world regions), as well as their combinations (forestry-arable and pasture arable landscapes).
- Purpose
- For educational, non-commercial purposes. This dataset is appropriate for use in a GIS.
- Temporal Extent
- Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Time Instant
- 1996
- Bounding Box
- West
- -180
- East
- 180
- North
- 85
- South
- -85
- Theme Keyword
- society
- geoscientificinformation
- environment
- farming
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- ISO 19115 Topic Categories
- Theme Keyword
- Present Landscapes
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- None
- Place Keyword
- Earth
- Place Keyword Thesaurus
- Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Temporal Keyword
- 1996
- Temporal Keyword Thesaurus
- None
- Access Restrictions
- For current Columbia affiliates only.
- Use Restrictions
- For educational, non-commercial use only.
- Status
- Complete
- Maintenance and Update Frequency
- None planned
- Point of Contact
- Contact Organization
- ESRI
- Delivery Point
- 380 New York Street
- City
- Redlands
- State
- California
- Postal Code
- 92373-8100
- Country
- USA
- Contact Telephone
- 909-793-2853
- Contact Facsimile Telephone
- 909-793-5953
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- info@esri.com
- Hours of Service
- 7:00 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Pacific time, Monday-Friday
- Native Data Set Environment
- Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
- Data Quality Information
- Lineage
- Source
- Originator
- United Nations Environment Programme
- Publication Date
- 1992
- Title
- Atlas of desertification
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- atlas
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- London
- Publisher
- United Nations Environment Programme
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Originator
- National Geographic Society
- Publication Date
- 1987
- Title
- Atlas of North America: Space Age Portrait of a Continent
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- atlas
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Washington, D. C.
- Publisher
- National Geographic Society
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Originator
- Comite europeen pour la sauvegarde de la nature et des ressources naturelles
- Publication Date
- 1979
- Title
- Carta de la vegetation des Etats membres du Conseil a l'Europe.
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Strasbourg
- Source Scale Denominator
- 30000000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Publication Date
- 1988
- Title
- Geomorfologicheskaja karta Mira (dlja vysshykh uchebnykh zavedenij).
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Moscow
- Publisher
- GUGK
- Source Scale Denominator
- 15000000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Publication Date
- 1985
- Title
- Karta chetvertichnykh otlozhenij Evrazii
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Leningrad
- Publisher
- VSEGEN
- Source Scale Denominator
- 2500000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Publication Date
- 1986
- Title
- Pochvennaja karta Mira (dlja vysshykh uchebnykh zavedenij).
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- map
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Moscow
- Publisher
- GUGK
- Source Scale Denominator
- 15000000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Originator
- FAO/UNESCO
- Publication Date
- 197701981
- Title
- Soil Map of the World
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Paris
- Publisher
- FAO/UNESCO.
- Source Scale Denominator
- 5000000
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Source
- Publication Date
- 1969-1976
- Title
- World atlas of agriculture under the aegis of the International association of agricultural economists
- Publication Information
- Publisher
- Novara
- Type of Source Media
- paper
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Direct Spatial Reference Method
- Vector
- Point and Vector Object Information
- SDTS Terms Description
- SDTS Point and Vector Object Type
- G-polygon
- Point and Vector Object Count
- 6518
- Spatial Reference Information
- Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
- Geographic
- Latitude Resolution
- 0.000000
- Longitude Resolution
- 0.000000
- Geographic Coordinate Units
- Decimal degrees
- Geodetic Model
- Horizontal Datum Name
- D_Clarke_1866
- Ellipsoid Name
- Clarke 1866
- Semi-major Axis
- 6378206.400000
- Denominator of Flattening Ratio
- 294.978698
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Entity Type
- Entity Type Label
- landscape
- Attributes
- FID
- Internal feature number. (Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.)
- Definition Source
- ESRI
- Shape
- Feature geometry. (Coordinates defining the features.)
- Definition Source
- ESRI
- AREA
- Area
- PERIMETER
- Perimeter
- SALANDDD_
- South America
- SALANDDD_I
- South America ID
- TYPE
- Contains a code for the type of present landscape (see entity attributr overview description section)
- ANTHROP
- Contains a code for the specific anthropogenic landscape modification (see entity attributr overview description section)
- ZONE
- The natural landscape zone
- ANTH_IMP
- The general type of human activity transforming the landscape.
- RELIEF
- Natural relief.
- MOD_CLASS
- The class of an anthropogenic landscape modification
- BELT
- The natural landscape belt
- NALANDDD_
- North America
- NALANDDD_I
- North America ID
- EULANDDD_
- Europe
- EULANDDD_I
- Europe ID
- AULANDDD_
- Australia
- AULANDDD_I
- Australia ID
- ASLANDDD_
- Asia
- ASLANDDD_I
- Asia ID
- AFLANDDD_
- Africa
- AFLANDDD_I
- Africa ID
- Entity and Attribute Overview
- Present landscape type codes POLAR BELT ZONE: POLAR DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 1 Ice desert (continental ice cover and outlet glaciers) 2 Stony desert Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 101 Polar desert ZONE: ARCTIC TUNDRA Zonal types of landscapes 3 Arctic tundra on gelic regosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 101 Polar desert SUBPOLAR BELTS ZONE: TUNDRA Zonal types of landscapes 4 Dwarf-shrub-forb-grass tundra on foli-humic leptosols 5 Meadow-moss, moss-lichen-dwarf-shrub, and dwarf-shrub tundra on foli-humic leptosols, gelic and dystric gleysols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 102 Meadow tundra and open woodland -- tundra 103 Tundra -- polar desert ZONE: FOREST-TUNDRA AND PRETUNDRA Zonal types of landscapes 6 Meadow-dwarf-shrub, dark and light coniferous forest-tundra on haplic and leptic podzols, and gleysols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 104 Open woodland -- shrub tundra 105 Shrub tundra -- golets desert TEMPERATE BELT ZONE: OPEN WOODLAND Zonal types of landscapes 7 Small-leafed tall-grass-meadow open woodland on foli-humic leptosols, ochric andosols, and humic podzols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 106 Meadow tundra and open woodland -- tundra ZONE: TAIGA Zonal types of landscapes 8 Dark and light coniferous moderately humid and humid taiga (northern) on haplic and leptic podzols, and gleysols 9 Light and dark coniferous moderately humid taiga (middle) on podzols, dystric podzoluvisols, and calci-gelic cambisols 10 Light coniferous taiga (middle) on gelic gleysols and calci-gelic cambisols 11 Light and dark coniferous moderately humid taiga (southern) on albic luvisols 12 Light coniferous taiga (southern) on albic luvisols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 107 Taiga -- meadow tundra 108 Taiga -- tundra 109 Taiga -- tundra -- golets desert ZONE: FOREST Mixed Forest Zonal types of landscapes 13 Coniferous-broad-leafed and coniferous-small-leafed humid and moderately humid mixed forest on albic luvisols, orthic greyzems, and dystric cambisols Broad-leafed Forest Zonal types of landscapes 14 Humid broad-leafed forest on eutric cambisols 15 Moderately humid broad-leafed forest on albic luvisols, orthic greyzems, and dystric cambisols 16 Moderately humid open broad-leafed forest with conifers on solonetzi-umbric gleysols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 110 Mixed forest -- coniferous forest 111 Mixed forest -- coniferous forest -- tundra 112 Mixed forest -- coniferous forest -- meadow ZONE: FOREST-STEPPE Zonal types of landscapes 17 Small-leafed, coniferous-small-leafed, and coniferous-deciduous forest-steppe on Luvic chernozems and orthic greyzems 18 Broad-leafed forest-steppe (including prairie) on orthic greyzems, haplic phaeozems, and chernozems 19 Small-leafed-coniferous forest-steppe on chernozems and haplic kastanozems Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 113 Forest-steppe -- coniferous forest -- meadow tundra (or alpine meadow) ZONE: STEPPE Zonal types of landscapes 20 Forb-grass and grass steppe on calcic and deep calcic chernozems 21 Forb-turf and turf steppe on calcic chernozems and haplic kastanozems, including solonetzi-mollic calcisols 22 Turf-grass-shrub steppe on luvic kastanozems, including solonetzi-mollic calcisols and solonetz 23 Undershrub-grass steppe on kastanozems and haplic xerosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 114 Steppe -- coniferous forest -- tundra 115 Steppe -- mixed (or coniferous) forest -- (alpine) meadow ZONE: SEMIDESERT AND DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 24 Grass-dwarf-shrub, dwarf-shrub, and undershrub semidesert and desert on haplic xerosols and yermosols ZONE: DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 25 Dwarf-shrub and undershrub desert on yermosols and calcic xerosols 26 Virtually unvegetated desert Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 116 Semidesert -- forest -- meadow 117 Semidesert -- steppe -- forest -- meadow SUBTROPICAL BELT ZONE: FOREST Mixed Forest Zonal types of landscapes 27 Excessively humid coniferous-broad-leafed forest (hemi- hylaea) on dystric cambisols 28 Permanently humid coniferous-deciduous forest on chromic luvisols and nitosols 29 Seasonally humid coniferous-broad-leafed forest on chromic and eutric cambisols 30 Seasonally humid broad-leafed-coniferous forest on ferrallic cambisols and nitosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 118 Evergreen mixed forest -- meadow 119 Mixed forest -- meadow Semievergreen Deciduous Forest Zonal types of landscapes 31 Humid semievergreen deciduous forest on ferrallic cambisols and nitosols 32 Humid open woodland (parkland) on haplic chernozems Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 120 Mixed forest -- coniferous forest -- alpine meadow 121 Forest -- open woodland -- meadow Coniferous Forest Zonal types of landscapes 33 Moderately humid and moderately arid coniferous open woodland on chromic cambisols ZONE: EVERGREEN SCLEROPHYLLOUS (MEDITERRANEAN) FOREST, OPEN WOODLAND, SHRUBLAND Zonal types of landscapes 34 Summer-dry open woodland and shrubland on chromic cambisols 35 Summer-dry forest and shrubland on chromic cambisols and haplic nitosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 122 Sclerophyllous forest -- mixed forest -- coniferous forest -- steppe (or meadow) 123 Sclerophyllous forest -- shrubland -- open woodland -- steppe -- meadow ZONE: SEMIDESERT AND DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 36 Shrub, dwarf-shrub, and undershrub semidesert and desert on calcic cambisols and calcic xerosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 124 Steppe -- mixed forest -- alpine meadow 125 Steppe (or semidesert) -- coniferous forest -- alpine meadow (or steppe) ZONE: DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 37 Succulent desert on chromic xerosols 38 Tree-dwarf-shrub desert on sand and chromic xerosols 39 Shrub and undershrub, including succulent and ephemeral, desert on chromic and calcic xerosols and haplic yermosols 40 Grass-dwarf-shrub desert of cold high mountains on eutric leptosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 126 Semidesert (or desert) -- shrubland -- open woodland -- steppe (or meadow) 127 Semidesert -- steppe -- semidesert ZONE: OPEN WOODLAND AND SHRUBLAND Zonal types of landscapes 41 Seasonally humid open woodland and shrubland on chromic cambisols and chromic xerosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 128 Sclerophyllous shrubland -- open woodland -- steppe (or meadow) ZONE: STEPPE Zonal types of landscapes 42 Shrub-grass and dwarf-shrub-grass steppe on chromic xerosols 43 Cold meadow steppe (of interior tablelands) on mollic cambisols 44 Meadow steppe on haplic and chromi-haplic phaeozems Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 129 Steppe -- mixed forest -- alpine meadow 130 Steppe (or semidesert) -- coniferous forest -- alpine meadow (or steppe) ZONE: PRAIRIE Zonal types of landscapes 45 Seasonally humid prairie on chromic cambisols and chromi-haplic phaeozems 46 Permanently humid prairie on haplic phaeozems Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 130 Steppe (or semidesert) -- coniferous forest -- alpine meadow (or steppe) TROPICAL BELT ZONE: DESERT Zonal types of landscapes 47 Virtually unvegetated desert 48 Ephemeral-bulbaceous-succulent desert with high relative humidity on eutric leptosols 49 Grass and dwarf-shrub-grass desert on calcic leptosols and calcic xerosols 50 Shrub and dwarf-shrub desert on eutric leptosols and sand (including cold high tablelands) 51 Dwarf-shrub and shrub desert on chromic xerosols 52 Dwarf-shrub and shrub desert on calcic cambisols ZONE: SEMIDESERT Zonal types of landscapes 53 Grass-shrub succulent semidesert with high relative humidity on chromic xerosols 54 Grass-shrub semidesert on chromic xerosols 55 Grass-shrub semidesert of cold high tablelands on eutric leptosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 131 Desert -- (loma) -- desert 132 Desert (or semidesert) -- open woodland -- semidesert ZONE: STEPPE Zonal types of landscapes 56 Shrub steppe of cold high plateaus on mollic cambisols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 133 Steppe -- montane xerophytes -- meadow ZONE: OPEN WOODLAND, SHRUBLAND, SAVANNA Zonal types of landscapes 57 Semidesert savanna and open woodland on chromic xerosols 58 xerophytic open woodland and shrubland on haplic nitosols and calci-chromic cambisols 59 Evergreen open woodland and shrubland on rhodic and haplic nitosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 134 Open woodland -- steppe (or montane xerophytes) 135 Open woodland -- forest -- steppe (or meadow) ZONE: EVERGREEN AND SEMIEVERGREEN FOREST Zonal types of landscapes 60 Seasonally and permanently humid forest on acric ferralsols and rhodic nitosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 136 Semievergreen forest -- coniferous forest -- meadow 137 Evergreen forest -- mixed forest -- coniferous forest -- (alpine) meadow 138 Evergreen forest -- semievergreen forest -- meadow SUBEQUATORIAL BELT ZONE: FOREST Evergreen Forest Zonal types of landscapes 61 Humid and seasonally humid evergreen forest on acric ferralsols 62 Semidry evergreen forest and shrubland on rhodic nitosols and chromic xerosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 139 Evergreen forest -- meadow (or paramo) Semievergreen Forest Zonal types of landscapes 63 Humid and seasonally humid semievergreen forest on acric ferralsols and rhodic nitosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 140 Deciduous forest -- evergreen forest -- meadow Deciduous Forest Zonal types of landscapes 64 Seasonally humid and dry deciduous forest on rhodic and haplic nitosols and Pellic Vertisols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 140 Deciduous forest -- evergreen forest -- meadow ZONE: SAVANNA AND OPEN WOODLAND Zonal types of landscapes 65 Humid evergreen open woodland and tall-grass savanna on rhodic and haplic nitosols 66 Seasonally humid open woodland and low-tree savanna on rhodic and haplic nitosols and chromic xerosols 67 Semidry savanna, open woodland, and shrubland on chromic xerosols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 141 Savanna -- forest -- paramo (or meadow) EQUATORIAL BELT ZONE: EVERGREEN FOREST Rain Forest (Hylaea) Zonal types of landscapes 68 Excessively humid evergreen rain forest on xantic and gleyic ferralsols 69 Humid rain forest on acric ferralsols Evergreen - Deciduous Forest Zonal types of landscapes 70 Seasonally humid evergreen-deciduous forest on acric ferralsols Types of altitudinal landscape ranges 142 Hylaea -- paramo INTRAZONAL LANDSCAPES River Valleys 71 River valley Hydromorphic Landscapes Coastal 72 Temperate marshes 73 Tropical, subequatorial, and equatorial mangroves 74 River delta Plain 75 Temperate wetland 76 Tropical, subequatorial, and equatorial wetland Other Intrazonal Landscapes 77 Halophytic landscapes 78 Glaciers MISCELLANEOUS LANDSCAPES 94 No data (appears on volcanic islands in Oceania) 999 Lakes Landscape modification codes Anthropogenic Modified Landscapes (100-series codes) 101 Arable irrigated highly fertilized 102 Arable irrigated little fertilized 103 Arable non-irrigated highly fertilized 104 Arable non-irrigated little fertilized 105 Horticultural reclaimed 106 Meadow and arable intensively reclaimed 107 Improved pasture 108 Degrading pasture 109 Pasture and arable reclaimed 110 Pasture and arable unreclaimed 111 Forest and pasture and arable highly reclaimed 112 Forest and arable 113 Forest and pasture 114 Forest and horticultural 115 Forestry reclaimed 116 Degrading forestry 117 Local (including oasis) agricultural 118 Recreational Secondary-Transformed Landscapes (200-series codes) The type of transformation is indicated by the third digit and the anthropogenic impact is indicated by the third digit. For example, 236 is forest-steppe impacted by grazing and forestry activities. Type of transformation--indicated by second digit 210 Tundra 220 Forest 230 Forest-steppe 240 Steppe 250 Savanna and open woodland 260 Desert 270 Meadow Anthropogenic impact--indicated by third digit 201 Cultivation 202 Grazing 203 Forestry 204 Grazing and cultivation 205 Cultivation and forestry 206 Grazing and forestry Quasi-Primary Landscapes 300 Quasi-primary landscapes Other codes 0 no modification code (for lakes, not applicable; for volcanic islands in Australia and Oceania; no data)
- Distribution Information
- Format Name
- geopackage
- Distributor
- ESRI; ESRI International Distributors
- Name
- Metadata Reference Information
- Metadata Date
- 20090619
- Metadata Contact
- Contact Information
- Contact Organization Primary
- Contact Organization
- Research Data Services (RDS), Columbia University Libraries
- Contact Person
- GIS/Metadata Librarian
- Contact Address
- Address
- 420 W. 118th St. 215 IAB, MC 3301
- City
- New York
- State or Province
- NY
- Postal Code
- 10027
- Country
- USA
- Contact Voice Telephone
- (212) 854-6012
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- data@library.columbia.edu
- Hours of Service
- 7:00 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Pacific time, Monday-Friday
- Metadata Standard Name
- FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata Standard Version
- FGDC-STD-001-1998
