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    <titleInfo>
      <title>Commercial Spearfishing (Estimated Average Annual Catch of Reef fish), 2003-2013</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>Ocean Tipping Points Project</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <genre valueURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2011026297" authority="lcgft">Geospatial data</genre>
    <genre valueURI="http://rdvocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1001" authority="rdacontent">cartographic dataset</genre>
    <genre>Dataset</genre>
    <typeOfResource>cartographic</typeOfResource>
    <typeOfResource>software, multimedia</typeOfResource>
    <physicalDescription>
      <form>Raster Dataset</form>
      <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin>
    </physicalDescription>
    <language>
      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
    </language>
    <abstract displayLabel="Abstract">Nearshore fisheries in the Main Hawaiian Islands encompass a diverse group of fishers using a wide array of gears and targeting many different species. Communities in Hawai&#x2019;i often rely on these fisheries for economic, social, and cultural services. However, the stress from overfishing can cause ecosystem degradation and long-term economic loss. This layer represents the average annual commercial catch of reef fish by spear fishing over the years 2003 - 2013 as reported in commercial catch data collected by the State of Hawai&#x2019;i, Department of Aquatic Resources (DAR) Commercial Marine Landings Database (CML). Commercial catch is reported to DAR in large irregular reporting blocks, by gear and by species.</abstract>
    <note displayLabel="Purpose" type="other">This layer was developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic pressures to coastal waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands for the Ocean Tipping Points project (http://oceantippingpoints.org/). Ocean tipping points occur when shifts in human use or environmental conditions result in large, and sometimes abrupt, impacts to marine ecosystems.  The ability to predict and understand ocean tipping points can enhance ecosystem management, including critical coral reef management and policies to protect ecosystem services produced by coral reefs. The goal of the Ocean Tipping Points Hawaii case study was to gather, process and map spatial information on environmental and human-based drivers of coral reef ecosystem conditions.</note>
    <subject authority="geonames">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" valueURI="http://sws.geonames.org/5855797/">Hawaii</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="geonames">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" valueURI="http://sws.geonames.org/8411083/">Pacific Ocean</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Marine ecology</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Marine ecosystem management</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Marine ecosystem health</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Coral reefs and islands</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Environmental impact analysis</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Coastal ecosystem health</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Reef fisheries</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Reef fishing</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode">Oceans</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode">Biology and Ecology</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode">Environment</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <temporal encoding="w3cdtf">2003-2013</temporal>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <cartographics>
        <projection>EPSG::26904</projection>
        <coordinates>W 160&#xB0;49&#x2B9;39&#x2BA;--W 154&#xB0;14&#x2B9;31&#x2BA;/N 22&#xB0;35&#x2B9;24&#x2BA;--N 18&#xB0;30&#x2B9;14&#x2BA;</coordinates>
      </cartographics>
    </subject>
    <originInfo>
      <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf" keyDate="yes">2016</dateIssued>
      <publisher>Ocean Tipping Points Project</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <location>
      <url usage="primary display">https://purl.stanford.edu/fg914ry4112</url>
    </location>
    <note type="contact" displayLabel="Contact">kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu</note>
    <note type="contact" displayLabel="Contact">selkoe@nceas.ucsb.edu</note>
    <recordInfo>
      <languageOfCataloging>
        <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
      </languageOfCataloging>
      <recordContentSource>Stanford</recordContentSource>
      <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2017-06-30</recordCreationDate>
      <recordIdentifier>edu.stanford.purl:fg914ry4112</recordIdentifier>
    </recordInfo>
    <extension displayLabel="geo">
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          <dc:format>image/tiff; format=GeoTIFF</dc:format>
          <dc:type>Dataset#Raster</dc:type>
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            <gml:Envelope gml:srsName="EPSG:4326">
              <gml:lowerCorner>-160.827437 18.5038207</gml:lowerCorner>
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    <relatedItem type="host">
      <titleInfo>
        <title>Ocean Tipping Points</title>
      </titleInfo>
      <location>
        <url>https://purl.stanford.edu/hs513mq2073</url>
      </location>
      <typeOfResource collection="yes"/>
    </relatedItem>
    <accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">Please contact the Ocean Tipping Points project in advance of applying these data sets to project work so the PI can track and communicate data uses and ensure no duplicate efforts are underway. When applying these data for publication, please reference and cite the complete journal article, Wedding et al. 2017,  http://oceantippingpoints.org/our-work/publications.</accessCondition>
    <accessCondition type="copyright">Copyright ownership resides with the originator.</accessCondition>
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