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    <titleInfo>
      <title>Chl-a Average Annual Frequency of Anomalies, 2002-2013</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>Ocean Tipping Points Project</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <genre valueURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2011026297" authority="lcgft">Geospatial data</genre>
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    <typeOfResource>software, multimedia</typeOfResource>
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    <language>
      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
    </language>
    <abstract lang="eng" displayLabel="Abstract">Chlorophyll-a is a widely used proxy for phytoplankton biomass and an indicator for changes in phytoplankton production. As an essential source of energy in the marine environment, the extent and availability of phytoplankton biomass can be highly influential for fisheries production and dictate trophic-structure in marine ecosystems. Changes in phytoplankton biomass are predominantly effected by changes in nutrient availability, through either natural (e.g. turbulent ocean mixing) or anthropogenic (e.g. agriculture runoff) processes. This layer represents the annual average number of anomalies of Chlorophyll from 2002 &#x2013; 2013, with values presented as fraction of a year. Monthly and 8-day, 4 km (0.0417 degree) spatial resolution data were obtained from the MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) Aqua satellite from the NASA OceanColor Web (http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/cms/).</abstract>
    <abstract lang="eng" displayLabel="Purpose">This layer was developed as part of a geospatial database of key anthropogenic pressures to coastal waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands for the Ocean Tipping Points project (http://oceantippingpoints.org/). Ocean tipping points occur when shifts in human use or environmental conditions result in large, and sometimes abrupt, impacts to marine ecosystems.  The ability to predict and understand ocean tipping points can enhance ecosystem management, including critical coral reef management and policies to protect ecosystem services produced by coral reefs. The goal of the Ocean Tipping Points Hawaii case study was to gather, process and map spatial information on environmental and human-based drivers of coral reef ecosystem conditions.</abstract>
    <note lang="eng" displayLabel="Preferred citation">Ocean Tipping Points Project. (2016). Chl-a Average Annual Frequency of Anomalies, 2002-2013. Ocean Tipping Points Project. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/kk001jq8042.</note>
    <note displayLabel="Use limitation">Please contact the Ocean Tipping Points project in advance of applying these data sets to project work so the PI can track and communicate data uses and ensure no duplicate efforts are underway. When applying these data for publication, please reference and cite the complete journal article, Wedding et al. 2017.</note>
    <note displayLabel="WGS84 Cartographics">This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.</note>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Marine ecology</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Marine ecosystem management</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Marine ecosystem health</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Chlorophyll</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Coral reefs and islands</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Environmental impact analysis</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Climatic changes</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject lang="eng">
      <topic>Coastal ecosystem health</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="geonames" lang="eng">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" valueURI="http://sws.geonames.org/5855797/">Hawaii</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="geonames" lang="eng">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" valueURI="http://sws.geonames.org/8411083/">Pacific Ocean</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <temporal encoding="w3cdtf">2002-2013</temporal>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode" valueURI="oceans">Oceans</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode" valueURI="environment">Environment</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <cartographics>
        <scale>Scale not given.</scale>
        <projection>Custom projection</projection>
        <coordinates>W 160&#xB0;24&#x2B9;45&#x2BA;--W 154&#xB0;33&#x2B9;47&#x2BA;/N 22&#xB0;25&#x2B9;25&#x2BA;--N 18&#xB0;45&#x2B9;16&#x2BA;</coordinates>
        <coordinates>W 160&#xB0;24&#x2B9;45&#x2BA;--W 154&#xB0;33&#x2B9;48&#x2BA;/N 22&#xB0;25&#x2B9;25&#x2BA;--N 18&#xB0;45&#x2B9;18&#x2BA;</coordinates>
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    </subject>
    <subject displayLabel="WGS84" authority="EPSG" valueURI="http://opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
      <cartographics>
        <projection>EPSG::4326</projection>
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    </subject>
    <originInfo>
      <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf" keyDate="yes">2016</dateIssued>
      <publisher>Ocean Tipping Points Project</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <location>
      <url usage="primary display">https://purl.stanford.edu/kk001jq8042</url>
    </location>
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        <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
      </languageOfCataloging>
      <recordContentSource>Stanford</recordContentSource>
      <recordOrigin>This record was translated from ISO 19139 to MODS v.3 using an xsl transformation.</recordOrigin>
      <recordIdentifier>edu.stanford.purl:kk001jq8042</recordIdentifier>
    </recordInfo>
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      <titleInfo>
        <title>Ocean Tipping Points</title>
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        <url>https://purl.stanford.edu/hs513mq2073</url>
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    <accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">Please contact the Ocean Tipping Points project in advance of applying these data sets to project work so the PI can track and communicate data uses and ensure no duplicate efforts are underway. When applying these data for publication, please reference and cite the complete journal article, Wedding et al. 2017,  http://oceantippingpoints.org/our-work/publications.</accessCondition>
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