<?xml version="1.0"?>
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    <titleInfo>
      <title>Africa 1825 (Raster Image)</title>
    </titleInfo>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Arrowsmith, Aaron, 1750-1823</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>Stanford Geospatial Center</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <name type="personal">
      <namePart>Arrowsmith, Samuel, -1839</namePart>
      <role>
        <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
      </role>
    </name>
    <genre valueURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms/gf2011026297" authority="lcgft">Geospatial data</genre>
    <genre valueURI="http://rdvocab.info/termList/RDAContentType/1001" authority="rdacontent">cartographic dataset</genre>
    <typeOfResource>cartographic</typeOfResource>
    <typeOfResource>software, multimedia</typeOfResource>
    <physicalDescription>
      <form>Raster Dataset</form>
      <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin>
    </physicalDescription>
    <language>
      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
    </language>
    <abstract lang="eng" displayLabel="Abstract">This layer is a georeferenced raster image of an historic paper map of Africa. This is a continental map of Africa originally created and published by Aaron and Samuel Arrowsmith in 1825. The features illustrated on this map includes: rivers, lakes, and coastal islands. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map was georeferenced by the Stanford University Geospatial Center using a Sinusoidal projection. This map is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Africa from the Oscar I. Norwich Collection at Stanford University.</abstract>
    <abstract lang="eng" displayLabel="Purpose">This historic paper map provides an historical perspective of the cultural and physical landscape during this time period. The wide range of information provided on these maps make them useful in the study of historic geography. As this map has been georeferenced, it also can be used as a background layer in conjunction with other GIS data.</abstract>
    <note lang="eng" displayLabel="Attribute accuracy report">The horizontal positional accuracy of a raster image is approximately the same as the accuracy of the published source map. The lack of a greater accuracy is largely the result of the inaccuracies with the original measurements and possible distortions in the original paper map document.  There may also be errors introduced during the digitizing and georeferencing process.  In most cases, however, errors in the raster image are small compared with sources of error in the original map graphic.  The RMS error for this map is 937.096 meters. This value describes how consistent the transformation is between the different control points (links).  The RMS error is only an assessment of the accuracy of the transformation.</note>
    <note lang="eng" displayLabel="Preferred citation">Arrowsmith, Aaron, Arrowsmith, Samuel, and Stanford Geospatial Center. (2013). Africa 1825 (Raster Image). Stanford Digital Repositiory. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/zt453th4315.</note>
    <note displayLabel="Supplemental information">The Oscar I. Norwich Collection consists of over 300 maps published from the 15th to the early 20th century. More information about this collection can be accessed here: http://purl.stanford.edu/qb438pg7646. For more information about Stanford's Maps of Africa Collection, see here: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/maps-of-africa/default-exhibit.</note>
    <note displayLabel="WGS84 Cartographics">This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.</note>
    <subject authority="lcsh" lang="eng">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Historical geography</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh" lang="eng">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Landforms</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh" lang="eng">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Bodies of water</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="lcsh" lang="eng">
      <topic authority="lcsh" authorityURI="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html">Maps</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="geonames" lang="eng">
      <geographic authority="geonames" authorityURI="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" valueURI="http://sws.geonames.org/6255146/">Africa</geographic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <temporal encoding="w3cdtf">1825</temporal>
    </subject>
    <subject authority="ISO19115TopicCategory">
      <topic authority="ISO19115TopicCategory" authorityURI="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode" valueURI="imageryBaseMapsEarthCover">Imagery and Base Maps</topic>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <cartographics>
        <scale>Scale not given.</scale>
        <projection>Custom projection</projection>
        <coordinates>W 55&#xB0;35&#x2B9;25&#x2BA;--E 97&#xB0;25&#x2B9;49&#x2BA;/N 43&#xB0;20&#x2B9;37&#x2BA;--S 41&#xB0;49&#x2B9;4&#x2BA;</coordinates>
        <coordinates>W 55&#xB0;35&#x2B9;25&#x2BA;--E 97&#xB0;25&#x2B9;40&#x2BA;/N 43&#xB0;20&#x2B9;37&#x2BA;--S 41&#xB0;48&#x2B9;58&#x2BA;</coordinates>
      </cartographics>
    </subject>
    <subject displayLabel="WGS84" authority="EPSG" valueURI="http://opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
      <cartographics>
        <projection>EPSG::4326</projection>
      </cartographics>
    </subject>
    <originInfo>
      <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf" keyDate="yes">2013</dateIssued>
      <place>
        <placeTerm type="text">Stanford, California, US</placeTerm>
      </place>
      <publisher>Stanford Digital Repository</publisher>
    </originInfo>
    <location>
      <url usage="primary display">https://purl.stanford.edu/zt453th4315</url>
    </location>
    <recordInfo>
      <languageOfCataloging>
        <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
      </languageOfCataloging>
      <recordContentSource>Stanford</recordContentSource>
      <recordOrigin>This record was translated from ISO 19139 to MODS v.3 using an xsl transformation.</recordOrigin>
      <recordIdentifier>edu.stanford.purl:zt453th4315</recordIdentifier>
    </recordInfo>
    <relatedItem type="isReferencedBy">
      <titleInfo>
        <title>Dr. Oscar I. Norwich collection of maps of Africa and its islands, 1486 - ca. 1865</title>
      </titleInfo>
      <name type="personal">
        <namePart>Norwich, I</namePart>
      </name>
      <name type="personal">
        <namePart>Norwich, Rose</namePart>
      </name>
      <originInfo>
        <dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013</dateIssued>
      </originInfo>
      <location>
        <url usage="primary display">https://purl.stanford.edu/qb438pg7646</url>
      </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <relatedItem type="otherFormat" displayLabel="Original map in SearchWorks">
      <titleInfo>
        <title>Africa</title>
      </titleInfo>
      <location>
        <url>https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/12113503</url>
      </location>
    </relatedItem>
    <extension displayLabel="geo">
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        <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.stanford.edu/zt453th4315">
          <dc:format>image/tiff; format=GeoTIFF</dc:format>
          <dc:type>Dataset#Raster</dc:type>
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            <gml:Envelope gml:srsName="EPSG:4326">
              <gml:lowerCorner>-55.5901878 -41.8161432</gml:lowerCorner>
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    <relatedItem type="host">
      <titleInfo>
        <title>Georeferenced maps of Africa</title>
      </titleInfo>
      <location>
        <url>https://purl.stanford.edu/jz110cf1395</url>
      </location>
      <typeOfResource collection="yes"/>
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    <accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">This work is in the public domain. There are no restrictions on use.</accessCondition>
    <accessCondition type="copyright">This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.</accessCondition>
    <accessCondition type="license" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/">This work has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights (Public Domain Mark 1.0).</accessCondition>
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